Exchange-traded markets 與Over-the-counter (OTC) markets的區(qū)別是什么,下面就讓融躍小編來為您講講。
Exchange-traded markets (場(chǎng)內(nèi)交易):
An exchange, is a highly organized market where (especially) tradable securities, commodities, foreign exchange, futures, and options contracts are sold and bought.
交易所交易市場(chǎng):
合同是由交易所定好的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化合同,每個(gè)投資者的交易對(duì)手都是清算所,所以沒有違約風(fēng)險(xiǎn),在交易所交易有嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)管,交易很透明,交易所會(huì)要求投資者在交易時(shí)做相關(guān)的披露,交易價(jià)格和交易量都是實(shí)時(shí)的,交易所交易包括期貨和一部分期權(quán)。
缺點(diǎn)是,透明度高意味著交易是相對(duì)暴露的,所有交易都可以被監(jiān)管者所了解,
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的合約意味著喪失了交易的靈活性,參與者只能參與交易所允許的合約。
Over-the-counter (OTC) markets(場(chǎng)外交易):
A decentralized market where buy and sell orders initiated from various locations are
matched through a communications network.
場(chǎng)外交易:
是交易雙方自行談判的個(gè)性化合同,因?yàn)椴辉诮灰姿灰?,有違約風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和對(duì)手方風(fēng)險(xiǎn),沒有監(jiān)管,透明度較差。
場(chǎng)外交易包括:遠(yuǎn)期、互換、部分期權(quán)。
對(duì)于場(chǎng)外交易,常讓人誤以為其流動(dòng)性會(huì)比交易所的交易流動(dòng)性差,其實(shí)不完全是,很多場(chǎng)外交易工具是很容易簽訂的同時(shí),如果想要抵消只要做一個(gè)相反的交易就可以,比如說,公司A從交易商B那里購(gòu)買了衍生品,在到期日之前,如果公司A想要終止這個(gè)頭寸,只要再把相同期限的衍生品賣給交易商B即可,當(dāng)然,公司A也可以選擇賣給其他的交易商,也同樣可以終止頭寸;而在交易所交易的衍生品,有些只有很小的交易量因此流動(dòng)性會(huì)較低。
例:Which of the following statements most accurately describes exchange-traded derivatives relative to over-the-counter derivatives? Exchange-traded derivatives are more likely to have:
A. Greater credit risk.
B. Standardized contract terms.
C. Greater risk management uses.
解析:B is correct. Standardization of contract terms is a characteristic of exchange-traded derivatives. A is incorrect because credit risk is well-controlled in exchange markets. C is incorrect because the risk management uses are not limited by being traded over the counter.
考察場(chǎng)內(nèi)與場(chǎng)外交易市場(chǎng)的區(qū)別,A和C都是屬于場(chǎng)外市場(chǎng)的特點(diǎn)。
Exchange-traded markets (場(chǎng)內(nèi)交易):
An exchange, is a highly organized market where (especially) tradable securities, commodities, foreign exchange, futures, and options contracts are sold and bought.
交易所交易市場(chǎng):
合同是由交易所定好的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化合同,每個(gè)投資者的交易對(duì)手都是清算所,所以沒有違約風(fēng)險(xiǎn),在交易所交易有嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)管,交易很透明,交易所會(huì)要求投資者在交易時(shí)做相關(guān)的披露,交易價(jià)格和交易量都是實(shí)時(shí)的,交易所交易包括期貨和一部分期權(quán)。
缺點(diǎn)是,透明度高意味著交易是相對(duì)暴露的,所有交易都可以被監(jiān)管者所了解,
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的合約意味著喪失了交易的靈活性,參與者只能參與交易所允許的合約。
Over-the-counter (OTC) markets(場(chǎng)外交易):
A decentralized market where buy and sell orders initiated from various locations are
matched through a communications network.
場(chǎng)外交易:
是交易雙方自行談判的個(gè)性化合同,因?yàn)椴辉诮灰姿灰?,有違約風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和對(duì)手方風(fēng)險(xiǎn),沒有監(jiān)管,透明度較差。
場(chǎng)外交易包括:遠(yuǎn)期、互換、部分期權(quán)。
對(duì)于場(chǎng)外交易,常讓人誤以為其流動(dòng)性會(huì)比交易所的交易流動(dòng)性差,其實(shí)不完全是,很多場(chǎng)外交易工具是很容易簽訂的同時(shí),如果想要抵消只要做一個(gè)相反的交易就可以,比如說,公司A從交易商B那里購(gòu)買了衍生品,在到期日之前,如果公司A想要終止這個(gè)頭寸,只要再把相同期限的衍生品賣給交易商B即可,當(dāng)然,公司A也可以選擇賣給其他的交易商,也同樣可以終止頭寸;而在交易所交易的衍生品,有些只有很小的交易量因此流動(dòng)性會(huì)較低。
例:Which of the following statements most accurately describes exchange-traded derivatives relative to over-the-counter derivatives? Exchange-traded derivatives are more likely to have:
A. Greater credit risk.
B. Standardized contract terms.
C. Greater risk management uses.
解析:B is correct. Standardization of contract terms is a characteristic of exchange-traded derivatives. A is incorrect because credit risk is well-controlled in exchange markets. C is incorrect because the risk management uses are not limited by being traded over the counter.
考察場(chǎng)內(nèi)與場(chǎng)外交易市場(chǎng)的區(qū)別,A和C都是屬于場(chǎng)外市場(chǎng)的特點(diǎn)。